Can emerging markets regain their sparkle after a ‘disastrous’ 2021?

The spectre of higher interest rates in the US, slowing growth in China and a strong dollar have this year hammered emerging markets already reeling from the fallout of the coronavirus pandemic.

Even money managers whose job it is to convince clients to buy emerging assets admit 2022 doesn’t look much easier.

“The hurdle for investors to be flooding back into emerging markets is that much higher than it was,” said Paul Greer, an emerging debt fund manager at Fidelity, citing tighter US monetary policy and the pandemic are hit to developing countries’ public finances.

Then there are the low Covid-19 vaccination rates and the unpredictability of policies and politics in the likes of Turkey — whose currency has collapsed this year — and Latin America further denting confidence.

Chinese government regulatory clampdowns have helped wipe $1-trillion off local stocks while property developer Evergrande’s debt default — China’s biggest — was behind a 30% slump in Chinese high-yield bonds.

Overall, emerging market equities have lost 7 per cent in 2021. That stands in sharp contrast to the S&P 500’s 22 per cent surge, the MSCI World’s 13 per cent gain, and the banner year for almost every other asset class as cheap cash turbocharged rallies.

Also, local currency bonds fared badly too, losing 9.7 per cent. Dollar-denominated bonds performed better thanks to soaring oil prices but are down about 2 per cent in 2021. JPMorgan’s Emerging Markets Currency Index, which excludes China’s yuan, has shed 9.7 per cent.

Emerging assets had been expected to perform well as economies recovered from the pandemic, commodity prices rebounded and investors chased opportunities outside expensive-looking, low-yielding developed markets.

“Now it is impossible to find anyone who is bullish on emerging markets, which is a sharp contrast from a year ago when you could not find a single person who was bearish,” said David Hauner, a senior EM cross-asset strategist at BofA, calling 2021 a “disaster”.

A torrid 2021 follows a rough decade for emerging assets, which are supposed to be high risk but high reward. In every year apart from 2010 and 2017, MSCI’s EM index has fallen behind the US benchmark index.

Against others, performance is better. Since the end of 2016 the MSCI World ex-US has risen 34 per cent, less than the emerging index’s 40% gain. But that also means developing equities may not be as cheap as they appear.

China looms large. Beijing’s “Common Prosperity” plan, which seeks to redistribute the spoils of economic growth, may spell the end of huge headline-grabbing growth numbers. At a macro level, Chinese growth matters for emerging markets and has long lured investors into the asset class.

In response, funds have been touting products excluding China to convince clients the best opportunities lie elsewhere.

But China’s property debt crisis, regulatory crackdowns and worries about rising rates globally have undermined confidence.

“Asset allocators globally still treat EM as a tactical trade rather than a strategic one,” said Mary-Therese Barton, Pictet Asset Management’s head of emerging debt. “What we hope is the richness of the EM universe will be appreciated. For the moment, when we can’t see the wood for the trees, that’s hard.”

BofA’s Hauner said the problem was not only China’s slowdown but that “none of the other EMs really has a great story at this point”.

Total 2021 emerging market inflows reached $366bn by the end of November, more than 80% of those into fixed income, Institute of International Finance data shows. Emerging equities also enjoyed inflows, driven by China with outflows elsewhere.

Emerging markets are better placed today to weather higher US rates than they were during the 2013 Fed-induced “taper tantrum”, some argue.

Spreads on high-yield emerging bonds trade at their highest gap over developed markets for 15 years, notes Vontobel Asset Management’s head of emerging markets fixed income, Luc D’hooge.

“These are numbers that reflect a crisis situation and I don’t think we are in a crisis,” he said, arguing emerging debt profiles and terms of trade are much improved.

Then there’s the argument that with so much bad news priced in, it can’t get much worse.

The emerging world constitutes 36 per cent of the global economy, but 11-12 pere cent of global stock market capitalisation, according to Ruchir Sharma, Morgan Stanley Investment Management’s chief global strategist.

The valuation gap between US stocks and everyone else is at 100-year highs and should narrow, he said.

“The popular response is — another taper so off with the head of emerging markets, but these dynamics change where the risk is, where there is overcrowding,” Sharma said. “And the overcrowding today to me is in some of these mega-cap tech stocks in the US rather than in emerging markets.”